Introduction to Oranges
Orange: Fruit Commodity Rich in Vitamin C
Oranges (Citrus sp) are one type of fruit plant that is widely loved by the public, because oranges contain lots of vitamin C, vitamin B6, antioxidants, and fiber. Oranges are round, the tree growth can reach 10 meters (33 feet) in height. The orange tree has glossy dark green leaves and small white flowers with five petals. The flowers smell very fragrant which attract bees and insects.
How to Cultivate Oranges
A bit complicated but fun
Growing Environment Requirements
Planting altitude: 0 – 700 – 1000 meters above sea level Temperature: 13 – 35 °C (optimum 22 - 23°C) Rainfall: 1,000 – 3,000 mm/year (optimum 1,500 – 2,500 mm/year) Soil pH: 5 – 8 (optimum 6) Soil depth: optimum >1 mm The soil must be well-drained, have no impervious layers, and have a sandy to sandy loam texture
Preparation of Planting Materials (Seedlings)
Fresh (vigor) and disease free Have clear parentage and good fruit quality Plant height between 50-75 cm Growth and rooting are normal For planting in dry land, choose seeds that have been grafted. For planting in wet land, choose grafted-grafted shoots
Preparation of Planting Land
Dry Land The size of the planting hole in dry land is 60x60x60 cm Wetlands In wetlands, the soil should be formed into mounds measuring 60 cm long, 60 cm wide and 60 cm high to avoid waterlogging.
Planting
Things to note during the planting process are removing the grafting polybag, checking the roots of the plant (if rotten and the roots are twisted then do not plant it). When planting seedlings in the field, the grafting area and the upper stem should not be buried in soil.
Care and Maintenance
Weeding is carried out under the canopy or in the root area of the plant, the aim is to avoid competition for nutrients between weeds and citrus plants. Carry out the weeding process when the plants are 5 MST old.
Harvesting
The age of the fruit or the level of ripeness of the fruit being harvested, the conditions at the time of harvest, and the method of harvesting are the most important factors that influence the quality of oranges. Harvesting is carried out when the fruit reaches optimal ripeness, namely around 8 months from flowering.
Binomial Name
Scientific Classification
Kingdom
Plantae
Subkingdom
Tracheobionta
Superdivisi
Spermatophyta
Divisi
Magnoliophyta
Kelas
Magnoliopsida
Subkelas
Rosidae
Ordo
Sapindales
Famili
Rutaceae
Genus
Citrus
Origin of Oranges
There are fossils in oranges!
Oranges originate from East and Southeast Asia. The first written evidence of oranges appeared in China in 314. Fossils of oranges found in Lincang, Yunnan, China, show that the ancestors of oranges were there about 8 million years ago. Oranges spread to Southeast Asia and Australia about 4 million years ago. From there, oranges diversified naturally and produced many varieties of fruit, such as bitter oranges and sweet oranges.
Orange Commodity Production Centers in Indonesia
East Java
North Sumatra
Bali
West Kalimantan
West Sumatera
South Kalimantan
Jambi
Lampung
Interesting Facts
Orange trees are a symbol of love and marriage in many cultures. Oranges are sometimes found in paintings of married couples during the Renaissance. One of the most famous is the "Arnolfini Wedding Portrait" by Jan van Eyck. The color orange in English is called orange, it is called orange because the orange fruit has the same color as orange. There are more than 600 types of oranges spread throughout the world
Kandungan Nutrisi Jeruk
Per (100 gram)
Protein
0,9 gr
Fat
0,2 gr
Carbohydrate
11,2 gr
Fiber
1,4 gr
Calcium
33 mg
Phosphor
23 mg
Sodium
4 mg
Potassium
472,1 mg
Iron
0,4 mg
Copper
160 mg
Zinc
0,2 mg
Vitamin B1
0,08 mg
Vitamin B2
0,03 mg
Vitamin B3
0,2 mg
Vitamin C
49 mg
Major Health Benefits
Maintaining heart health
Oranges contain fiber, potassium, and flavonoids which can help maintain heart health.
Maintaining healthy skin
Vitamin C in oranges helps produce collagen which is important for healthy skin.
Increasing body resistance
Vitamin C in oranges plays an important role in maintaining and improving the body’s immune system.
Preventing anemia
Vitamin C in oranges can increase the absorption of iron in the body.
Maintaining bone health
The calcium and vitamin D in oranges are important for bone health.
Maintaining dental health
Vitamin C in oranges plays a role in maintaining gum health and preventing dental problems.
Maintaining kidney health
The nutrients in oranges help maintain kidney health and prevent the formation of kidney stones.
Maintaining brain health
The flavonoid content in oranges can help improve cognitive performance.
Supporting fetal growth and development
Folate in oranges is very important for pregnant women.
Maintaining muscle and nerve health
The potassium content in orange juice can help maintain electrolyte balance in the body.
Orange Varieties
Orange Varieties You Should Know
Siem
This orange variety can adapt to lowlands, fast production and high productivity. The acid content of this orange is low and the aroma of the orange is less sharp, this causes the taste of the orange to be lacking. In addition, the skin is sticky with less preferred fruit flesh.
Brasitepu Mandarin
This orange variety has a skin color that is close to orange and is quite attractive, has a fruity taste and is easy to peel. The shelf life of this variety is still low, it can only last about 1 week at room temperature, and can only be grown in the Brastagi area, North Sumatra.
Nambangan Pamelo
This orange variety has the characteristics of its large size, fresh taste, and relatively long shelf life. In addition, this variety has white, pink, and dark red flesh.
Interesting Facts
If an orange is peeled with a knife, the peel can be cut into one long, continuous piece. School children in some countries recite a poem, and throw a long orange peel over their shoulders, then watch how it falls to find the initial letter of the name of the boy who loves them.
Economic and Market Potential
Oranges: A Commodity Rich in Demand but Less Competitive
The types of oranges developed in Indonesia are siamese (tangerine) and large oranges. Indonesian citrus exports during 2022 are citrus exports in fresh form which contributes 39.57% to the total exports of Indonesian oranges, namely limes with a value of USD 599 thousand. The main destinations of Indonesian citrus exports in 2022 are Malaysia, East Timor, France and the Netherlands. Meanwhile, 94.27% of Indonesia’s citrus imports in 2022 are Mandarin oranges. The country of origin of Indonesian citrus imports in 2022 includes China with a value of USD 165.52 million, contributing 64.98% of total Indonesian citrus imports.
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